Pharmaceutics
Important Questions- Write a note on “Pharmacy as a Career” describing the scope in various sectors.
- What is a Pharmacopoeia? Describe the history and salient features of the Indian Pharmacopoeia.
- Classify the types of glass used in pharmaceutical packaging. Discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and selection criteria.
- Explain the principle, construction, and working of a Ball Mill.
- Describe the construction and working of a Hammer Mill.
- Write a short note on the Cyclone Separator and its principle of operation.
- Discuss the construction and working of the Silverson Mixer Homogenizer.
- Describe the process of Freeze Drying and its applications.
- Discuss the different methods of tablet manufacturing.
- Explain the different types of mechanical and cosmetic defects that occur during tablet manufacturing and provide their remedies.
- Define injections and explain the mandatory quality control tests for parenteral products with a detailed focus on Sterility tests and Pyrogen tests.
- Describe the detailed, step-by-step manufacturing and preparation process for the BCG vaccine and the smallpox vaccine.
- Explain in briefly about QC & QA.
- Define NDDS. Classify them with examples and list their advantages over conventional dosage forms.
- Write the key differences between the following pairs:
- Hard vs. Soft Gelatin Capsules
- Emulsion vs. Suspension
- Syrup vs. Elixir
- Cream vs. Ointment
Pharmaceutics Imp. Questions
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Important Questions- Describe various sources of impurity.
- Write the principle involved in Limit test for Arsenic.
- Write the principle involved in limit test for chloride / Sulphate.
- Write a note on complexometric titration.
- Explain Gravimetric analysis.
- What is medicinal gases. Explain briefly.
- Define and classify antacids. Discuss why the combination of antacids is popular.
- Define hematinics, discuss the role of ferrous fumerate as an ideal compound.
- Define and classify Antibiotics, Anti-hypertensive, Anti-depressant, NSAIDS.
- Write chemical name, structure and uses of Cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, Acyclovir, Amoxicillin, Sulfacetamide, Chloroquine, INH, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, metformin, ofloxacin.
- Define and classify antimicrobial agent and explain mechanism of action. Note on boric acid.
- Write classification and definition of Anticonvulsant, Diuretics, Antineoplastic, Antiadrenergic.
- Define and describe the types of error.
- Write chemical structure, name, storage, uses of Propranolol, Dopamine, Atropine, Furosemide, ACh, Amitriptyline, Phenytoin, Diazepam, Phenobarbital, Chlorpromazine, Gabapentin, Risperidone.
- Distinguish between:
- Accuracy & Precision
- Determinate error & Indeterminate error
- Acid-base titration & Non-aqueous titration
Pharma Chemistry Imp. Questions
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Pharmacognosy
Important Questions- Define Pharmacognosy. Discuss in detail the history, scope of Pharmacognosy.
- Write the importance of Pharmacognosy in modern pharmacy practice.
- Name the methods for the classification of natural drugs and discuss in detail the chemical and pharmacological classifications with examples.
- Define Adulteration and explain different types of adulteration with examples.
- Describe the various methods of evaluation of crude drugs, specifically focusing on organoleptic, microscopic, and physical evaluation.
- Define Alkaloids. Give their methods of extraction, chemical tests used for their identification & uses.
- Write the general method of isolation and the specific chemical tests used for glycosides.
- Define Tannins, provide the methods of extraction, chemical tests for the identification & uses of tannins.
- Define Resins and resin combinations. Discuss their general properties and extraction methods.
- Define herbal cosmetics and give the biological source, chemical constituents, and uses of Aloe vera gel, Rosemary oil, and Sandalwood oil.
- Define and write the therapeutic applications of Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Probiotics and Prebiotics.
- What are surgical dressings? Discuss the biological source, preparation, evaluation, and uses of absorbent cotton, silk, and surgical catgut.
- Write in detail about phytochemical test used for Glycosides & Carbohydrates.
- Write the biological source, chemical constituents, and therapeutic uses of:
- Laxative – Aloe, Senna, Ispaghula
- Cardiotonic – Digitalis
- Carminatives and G.I. regulators – Coriander, Fennel, Cinnamon, Ginger, Clove
- Anti-hypertensive – Rauwolfia
- Anti-tumour – Vinca
- Write the biological source, chemical constituents, and therapeutic uses of:
- Drugs acting on nervous system – Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Opium
- Anti-tussive – Vasaka
- Diuretics – Gokhru
- Antiseptics and disinfectants – Neem, Turmeric
- Vitamins – Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil
Pharmacognosy Imp. Questions
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Human Anatomy & Physiology
Important Questions- Draw a neat, labeled diagram of a human cell. Describe its components & functions.
- Define and classify Epithelial tissue. Give the location and functions of different types of epithelial tissues.
- Explain the composition and functions of blood .
- Draw a labeled diagram of the internal structure of the heart. Describe the structure & functions of the heart.
- Define Blood Pressure and explain the factors affecting it.
- Describe Digestive System with diagram. Give the anatomy and physiology of the Stomach.
- Explain the physiology of digestion and absorption in the Small Intestine.
- Explain the physiology of Muscle Contraction.
- Explain the mechanism of respiration and define Vital Capacity.
- Describe the parts of the respiratory system with diagram.
- Classify joints with examples. Describe the structure of a Synovial joint in detail.
- Classify the Nervous System. Describe neuron with neat labeled diagram.
- Briefly describe the functions of the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Medulla Oblongata.
- Draw a labeled diagram of a Nephron. Explain the physiology of Urine formation .
- Why is the Pituitary gland called the Master Gland ? Write the functions of the hormones secreted by its anterior and posterior lobes.
- Describe the anatomy and functions of the Thyroid gland.
- Draw a labeled diagram of the human eye and explain the physiology of vision.
- Describe the anatomy of the Male/Female Reproductive System with proper diagram.
- Explain the process of Spermatogenesis/Oogenesis.
- Write note on:
- Blood clotting
- Spleen and lymph node
- CSF
- Cardiac cycle
- Menstruation.
HAP Imp. Questions
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Social Pharmacy
Important Questions- Define and write the scope of social Pharmacy.
- Enlist the role of pharmacist in public health.
- Explain the various indicators of a health.
- Explain the concept of health determinants with examples.
- Define Health and explain its various dimensions.
- Classify the various methods of family planning.
- Define demography and explain the stages of demographic cycle.
- Discuss vaccines and the different types of immunity.
- Explain the importance of water and fiber in the diet.
- Explain the ill effects of Junk food & Malnutrition.
- Explain the impact of environment pollution on Health.
- Describe the National Health Policy, 2017.
- Define pharmacoeconomic and its evaluation methods.
- Discuss the causative agent, transmission, symptoms, prevention, role of pharmacist in HIV/AIDS.
- Differentiate between / Short notes on:
- Macronutrients & Micronutrients
- TB, SARS & COVID-19
- Active & Passive Immunity
- Drug Abuse & Drug Misuse
- Epidemic & Pandemic
- Malaria
- Typhoid
Social Pharmacy Imp. Questions
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Pharmacology
Important Questions- Classify the various routes of drug administration. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Oral and Parenteral (IV/IM) routes.
- Define biotransformation. Explain different types of biotransformation with examples.
- Discuss general mechanism of drug action.
- Classify Cholinergic drugs. Discuss the pharmacological actions, uses, and contraindications of Acetylcholine or Pilocarpine.
- Classify Anticholinergic agents. Describe the pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of Atropine.
- Classify Beta-adrenergic blockers. Write a note on the pharmacology of Propranolol.
- Classify General Anaesthetics. Explain the stages of anaesthesia.
- Classify Sedatives and Hypnotics. Discuss the pharmacology of Benzodiazepines or Barbiturates.
- Classify Anticonvulsant drugs. Write the pharmacological profile of Phenytoin or Gabapentin.
- Classify Opioid Analgesics. Explain the pharmacological actions, uses, and contraindications of Morphine.
- Classify Antihypertensive drugs. Explain the mechanism of action of ACE Inhibitors or Calcium Channel Blockers.
- Write the classification of Antibiotics and write a brief note on sulphonamides.
- Classify Anti Malarial agent and write indications, side effects of any anti malarial drug.
- Classify Anti-Neoplastic drugs. Write the indications, contraindications, adverse effects of cyclophosphamide.
- Classify Anti-anginal drugs. Write a note on the mechanism and uses of Nitroglycerin.
- Define and classify Diuretics. Explain the pharmacology of Furosemide.
- Define and classify NSAIDs. Discuss the pharmacology of Aspirin, Paracetamol.
- Classify H1 antagonists. Write the therapeutic uses and side effects of Diphenhydramine or Cetirizine.
- Classify Oral Hypoglycemic agents. Write a detailed note on Metformin or Sulfonylureas.
- Classify Anti-tubercular drugs. Explain the first-line agents and DOTS therapy.
Pharmacology Imp. Questions
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Community Pharmacy & Management
Important Questions- Explain the history, development, and scope of community pharmacy practice in India.
- Define prescription and describe the different parts of prescription.
- Write a detailed note on Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) guidelines for a community pharmacy.
- What do you mean by dispensing errors and what are the strategies to minimize them?
- Write a note on body language.
- Define and distinguish between Patient Information Leaflets (PIL) and Patient Package Inserts (PPI).
- Discuss the counseling points for patients in TB, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Asthma.
- Define medication non-adherence. What are the factors influencing non-adherence and strategies to minimize them?
- What do you mean by health screening and write the importance of health screening.
- Define OTC medications and explain the role of pharmacists in OTC medication dispensing.
- Write the role of pharmacists in promoting safe practices during self-medication.
- Write the cause, symptoms and self-care of constipation, diarrhea, cold, vomiting, fever.
- What are the legal requirements to set up a community Pharmacy?
- Explain about any two methods used for inventory Control.
- Explain the procedure of conducting an audit.
- Write a note on SOPs in Community pharmacy.
- What is financial Planning? Give importance of financial Planning.
- Write a note on:
- Verbal communication
- Health Screening Services
- Cash book
- Pharmacy operation software
- GPPs
- Digital health
CPM Imp. Questions
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Biochemistry & Pathology
Important Questions- Define and classify Carbohydrates with suitable examples.
- What are the qualitative tests for Carbohydrate?
- Define and classify Proteins based on composition and solubility.
- Define Amino Acids and classify them based on chemical nature and nutritional requirements.
- Write down the qualitative test of proteins and amino acid.
- Define Lipids and classify them with suitable examples. Write a note on the structure and functions of Cholesterol.
- What is triglyceride and discuss the chemical properties of Triglyceride.
- Describe the structure of DNA and it’s functions.
- Define Enzymes and classify them according to the IUB system. Discuss the factors affecting enzyme activity.
- Define Vitamins and classify them. Discuss the dietary sources, functions, and deficiency diseases of vitamin A,C,D,K.
- Describe the Glycolysis pathway and its energetics.
- Explain the Citric Acid Cycle with its energetics and significance.
- Explain the steps involved in β-oxidation of fatty acid with energetics.
- What do you mean by urea cycle and explain the steps involved in synthesis of urea.
- What are the diseases related to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates?
- Describe different kidney functions tests performed routinely and their clinical significance.
- Describe different liver functions tests performed routinely and their clinical significance.
- Describe different lipid profile functions tests performed routinely and their clinical significance.
- Describe the Abnormal Constituents of Urine and their clinical significance.
- Write note on:
- Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
- ORS
- Essential fatty acids
- Electron Transport Chain
- Fatty liver & Hypercholesterolemia
- Types of lipoproteins
Biochemistry Imp. Questions
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Pharmacotherapeutics
Important Questions- Define Pharmacotherapeutics and write the scope, objectives of pharmacotherapeutics.
- What do you understand by the term standard treatment guidelines? Elaborate the key features of STGs.
- What is Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)? Briefly explain the concept of essential medicines.
- What is antimicrobial resistance? Explain in detail.
- Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestation, pharmacological management of:
- Hypertension
- Asthma
- Myocardial infarction
- Diabetes
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
- Thyroid disorder
- Epilepsy
- Parkinson’s disease
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Stroke
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Peptic Ulcer
- Malaria
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Scabies
- Tuberculosis
- Glaucoma
- Eczema
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Dysmenorrhea
Pharmacotherapeutics Imp. Questions
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Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy
Important Questions- Define hospital pharmacy and write its scope.
- Discuss in detail the roles, responsibilities, and essential qualities of a hospital pharmacist.
- Write a note on Good pharmacy Practices (GPPs).
- Explain in brief about the functions, objective and composition of pharmacy therapeutic committee (PTC).
- Write a note on infection control committee.
- Write a note on disposal of narcotic drugs.
- Define inventory management in detail. Discuss the ideal storage condition of medicines.
- Explain the disposal methods of expiry drugs.
- Discuss FIFO, FEFO methods.
- Write a note on distribution of drugs to ICCU, ICU, NICU, Emergency wards.
- What is UDDS and explain its two methods.
- Write a brief account of storage of narcotic and psychotropic drugs.
- What is Radiopharmaceuticals? Write a note on it.
- Write application of computers in Hospital Pharmacy Practice.
- Define clinical Pharmacy and write its scope.
- What are the steps involved in general treatment of poison.
- Write a note on drugs and poison information centre.
- Discuss Pharmacovigilance and its importance. Describe the scope of Pharmacovigilance.
- Define medication error and what are the strategies to minimize medication errors. Write a brief note on LASA drugs.
- Write a note on drugs interactions.
HCP Imp. Questions
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Pharmacy Law & Ethics
Important Questions- What are the objectives of the Pharmacy Act 1948?
- Give the constitution (composition) and functions of the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI).
- What are the objectives of the D & C Act, 1940?
- Elaborate on the constitution and functions of State Pharmacy Councils and Joint State Pharmacy Councils.
- What are the prerequisite conditions required for the grant of a repacking license?
- Write detailed notes on Schedule X & H.
- Write down the offenses and penalties for manufacturing spurious drugs.
- Discuss the qualifications, powers, duties, and inspection procedures of a Drug Inspector.
- Define import of drugs and mention the classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import.
- Write about the constitution and functions of the Drug Technical Advisory Board (DTAB).
- What are the qualifications required for the appointment of a Government Analyst? What are their duties?
- Discuss about offenses and penalties of the NDPS Act 1985.
- Give the classes of advertisements which are prohibited under the Drugs and Magic Remedies Act, 1954.
- What are the objectives of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act and the functions of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) and CPCSEA?
- State the objectives of the Poisons Act. Discuss the rules regarding the possession and sale of poisons and relevant penalties.
- Write the objectives of DPCO. Explain the formula for calculating the Retail Price of formulations.
- Explain the code of ethics for a pharmacist in relation to their Job, and the Medical Profession.
- Explain the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act.
- Discuss the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
- Write a short note on:
- Registration of Pharmacist
- FSSAI
- DCC
- CDL
- Education Regulation
- Blood bank
- CDSCO
- Loan License
- Medical devices
Pharmacy Law & Ethics Imp Questions
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