D Pharm latest PCI syllabus

First Year Syllabus for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharm) – ER-2020

1. Pharmaceutics – Theory

• History of Pharmacy in India: Pharmacy education, industry, practice, professional associations; Pharmacopoeia (IP, BP, USP, NF, Extra Pharmacopoeia), salient features of Indian Pharmacopoeia
• Packaging Materials: Types, selection criteria, advantages, disadvantages (glass, plastic, metal, rubber)
• Pharmaceutical Aids: Organoleptic agents (coloring, flavoring, sweetening); Preservatives (definition, types, examples, uses)
• Unit Operations:
  • Size reduction: Hammer mill, ball mill
  • Size separation: Powder classification (IP), cyclone separator, sieves, sieve standards
  • Mixing: Double cone blender, turbine mixer, triple roller mill, Silverson mixer homogenizer
  • Filtration: Theory, membrane filter, sintered glass filter
  • Drying: Fluidized bed dryer, freeze drying
  • Extraction: Definition, classification, methods, applications
• Dosage Forms:
  • Tablets: Coated, uncoated, modified (sustained release, extended-release, fast-dissolving, multi-layered)
  • Capsules: Hard and soft gelatin capsules
  • Liquid orals: Solution, syrup, elixir, emulsion, suspension, dry powder for reconstitution
  • Topical preparations: Ointments, creams, pastes, gels, liniments, lotions, suppositories, pessaries
  • Nasal and ear preparations
  • Powders and granules: Insufflations, dusting powders, effervescent powders, granules
  • Sterile formulations: Injectables, eye drops, eye ointments
  • Immunological products: Sera, vaccines, toxoids, manufacturing methods
• Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Basic structure, layout, sections, activities; Quality control, quality assurance, cGMP, calibration, validation
• Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, classification, examples, advantages, challenges

2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Theory

• Introduction: Sources and types of errors (accuracy, precision, significant figures); Impurities in pharmaceuticals (sources, effects, limit tests for chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals, arsenic)
• Volumetric Analysis: Fundamentals, acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, precipitation titration, complexometric titration, redox titration; Gravimetric analysis (principle, method)
• Inorganic Pharmaceuticals: Formulations, market preparations, storage, uses of:
  • Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous ascorbate, carbonyl iron
  • Gastro-intestinal agents: Antacids (aluminium hydroxide gel, magnesium hydroxide, magaldrate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate), acidifying agents, adsorbents, protectives, cathartics
  • Topical agents: Silver nitrate, ionic silver, chlorhexidine gluconate, hydrogen peroxide, boric acid, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate
  • Dental products: Calcium carbonate, sodium fluoride, denture cleaners, adhesives, mouth washes
  • Medicinal gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen
• Organic Nomenclature: Heterocyclic compounds (up to three rings)
• Medicinal Compounds (classification, chemical name, structure*, uses, stability, storage, formulations, brand names):
  • CNS Drugs: Anaesthetics (Thiopental Sodium*, Ketamine Hydrochloride*, Propofol), Sedatives/Hypnotics (Diazepam*, Alprazolam*, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital*), Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride*, Haloperidol*, Risperidone*, etc.), Anticonvulsants (Phenytoin*, Carbamazepine*, etc.), Anti-Depressants (Amitriptyline Hydrochloride*, Imipramine Hydrochloride*, etc.)
  • ANS Drugs: Sympathomimetics (Nor-Epinephrine*, Epinephrine, etc.), Adrenergic antagonists (Tolazoline, Phentolamine, etc.), Cholinergic drugs (Acetylcholine*, Carbachol, etc.), Cholinergic blockers (Atropine Sulphate*, Ipratropium Bromide, etc.)
  • Cardiovascular Drugs: Anti-Arrhythmic (Quinidine Sulphate, etc.), Anti-Hypertensive (Propranolol*, Captopril*, etc.), Antianginal (Isosorbide Dinitrate)
  • Diuretics: Acetazolamide, Frusemide*, etc.
  • Hypoglycemic Agents: Insulin, Metformin*, Glibenclamide*, etc.
  • Analgesic/Anti-Inflammatory: Morphine analogues, NSAIDs (Aspirin*, Diclofenac, etc.)
  • Anti-Infective Agents: Antifungal (Amphotericin-B, etc.), Urinary tract anti-infectives (Norfloxacin, etc.), Anti-Tubercular (INH*, Ethambutol, etc.), Antiviral (Acyclovir*, etc.), Antimalarials (Quinine Sulphate, etc.), Sulfonamides (Sulfanilamide, etc.)
  • Antibiotics: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin*, etc.
  • Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Cyclophosphamide*, Busulfan, etc.

*Chemical structure studied for marked compounds.

3. Pharmacognosy – Theory

• Introduction: Definition, history, present status, scope of Pharmacognosy
• Classification of Drugs: Alphabetical, taxonomical, morphological, pharmacological, chemical, chemo-taxonomical
• Quality Control: Adulteration methods, evaluation of crude drugs
• Phytoconstituents: Occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity, pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins, resins
• Crude Drugs (biological source, chemical constituents, therapeutic efficacy):
  • Laxatives: Aloe, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna
  • Cardiotonic: Digitalis
  • Carminatives & G.I. Regulators: Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon
  • Astringents: Myrobalan, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu
  • Nervous System Drugs: Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Ephedra, Opium, Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, Coca
  • Anti-Hypertensive: Rauwolfia
  • Anti-Tussive: Vasaka, Tolu Balsam
  • Anti-Rheumatics: Colchicum seed
  • Anti-Tumour: Vinca, Podophyllum
  • Antidiabetics: Pterocarpus, Gymnema
  • Diuretics: Gokhru, Punarnava
  • Anti-Dysenteric: Ipecacuanha
  • Antiseptics/Disinfectants: Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Turmeric
  • Antimalarials: Cinchona, Artemisia
  • Oxytocic: Ergot
  • Vitamins: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil
  • Enzymes: Papaya, Diastase, Pancreatin, Yeast
  • Pharmaceutical Aids: Kaolin, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine
  • Miscellaneous: Squill, Galls, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Guggul
• Plant Fibers and Surgical Dressings: Cotton, silk, wool, regenerated fibers; Sutures (surgical catgut, ligatures)
• Traditional Systems of Medicine: Principles of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy; Ayurvedic formulations (Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila capsules, Churna, Lehya granules, Bhasma)
• Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Role in national economy, export potential
• Herbs as Health Food: Nutraceuticals, antioxidants, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary fibers, omega-3 fatty acids, Spirulina, carotenoids, soya, garlic
• Herbal Formulations: Introduction

4. Human Anatomy & Physiology – Theory

• Introduction to Human body: Anatomy, physiology, basic terminology, cell structure, tissues
• Skeletal System: Structure, composition, functions; bones, joints; bone disorders
• Muscular System: Types, structure, functions; muscle contraction, aids; disorders
• Nervous System: Structure, functions; CNS, PNS, ANS); reflex actions; disorders
• Cardiovascular System: Heart anatomy, blood vessels, circulation, blood pressure; disorders (hypertension, angina)
• Respiratory System: Anatomy, organs, respiration mechanism; lung volumes; disorders (asthma, COPD)
• Digestive System: Anatomy, digestion, absorption; disorders (peptic ulcer, GERD)
• Urinary System: Kidney structure, urine formation; renal disorders
• Endocrine System: Major glands, hormones; disorders (diabetes, thyroid)
• Reproductive System: Male/female organs, functions; reproductive health
• Special Senses: Eye, ear, skin; structure, functions; disorders
• Lymphatic and Immune System: Structure, functions; immune responses, basic immunology

5. Social Pharmacy – Theory

• Introduction: Definition, scope, role of pharmacists in public health
• Health and Disease Concepts: WHO definition, determinants of health; communicable/non-communicable diseases
• Preventive Healthcare: Immunization, nutrition, sanitation, environmental health
• National Health Programs: Pharmacists role in TB, HIV, family welfare programs.
• Health Education: Counseling for chronic diseases, minor ailments
• Community Pharmacy: Role in health screening, awareness campaigns, OTC drug counseling
• Environmental Health: Water purification, waste management, pollution control
• Pharmacoeconomics: Basics, cost-effectiveness of health interventions

This syllabus focuses on theoretical content for the first year of the D.Pharm program as per ER-2020, excluding practicals, course codes, durations, objectives, and scope, formatted with clear sections and dividers.

Second Year Syllabus for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharm) – ER-2020

1. Pharmacology – Theory

• General Pharmacology: Introduction, definitions, drug nomenclature, routes of administration, pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion), pharmacodynamics (mechanism of action, receptors, dose-response relationship), adverse drug reactions, drug interactions
• Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System: General anaesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics, analgesics (opioid, non-opioid), NSAIDs, antiepileptics, antiparkinsonian drugs, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics
• Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathomimetics, sympatholytics, parasympathomimetics, parasympatholytics, ganglionic stimulants, blockers
• Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System: Antihypertensives, antianginals, antiarrhythmics, drugs for heart failure, hypolipidemic agents
• Drugs Acting on Respiratory System: Bronchodilators, expectorants, antitussives, nasal decongestants, respiratory stimulants
• Drugs Acting on Digestive System: Antacids, antiulcer drugs, laxatives, antidiarrhoeals, emetics, antiemetics, appetizers
• Endocrine Pharmacology: Thyroid/antithyroid drugs, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, corticosteroids, sex hormones, contraceptives, oxytocin, drugs acting on uterus
• Chemotherapy: General principles, sulfonamides, antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides), antitubercular drugs, antileprotic drugs, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, antiamoebics, anthelmintics, anticancer drugs
• Miscellaneous Drugs: Diuretics, autacoids (histamine, antihistamines, prostaglandins), immunosuppressants, vitamins, minerals
• Clinical Pharmacology: Drug use in special conditions (pregnancy, lactation, pediatrics, geriatrics), rational drug use, essential drugs concept

2. Community Pharmacy & Management – Theory

• Community Pharmacy Practice: Definition, scope, roles, responsibilities of community pharmacist, code of ethics
• Prescription Handling: Parts of prescription, legal requirements, handling, dispensing errors, patient counseling
• Inventory Management: Inventory control techniques, purchasing, storage of drugs, expiry date management, handling of narcotics, cold chain management
• Pharmacy Store Management: Design layout, storage conditions, good storage practices, records maintenance
• Patient Counseling: Communication skills, counseling for chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, asthma), OTC drugs, medication adherence
• Health Screening Services: Monitoring BP, blood glucose, cholesterol, BMI, lung function tests
• Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs: Definition, selection criteria, dispensing, counseling for minor ailments
• Pharmaceutical Care: Concept, principles, drug-related problems, medication therapy management
• Health Promotion: Role in immunization, family planning, smoking cessation, nutrition counseling
• Pharmacy Management Principles: Financial management, budgeting, marketing, human resource management
• Drug Information Services: Sources of drug information, responding to queries, poison information
• Legal Aspects: Pharmacy Act, Drugs and Cosmetics Act, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, DPCO (Drug Price Control Order), consumer protection laws

3. Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology – Theory

• Introduction to Biochemistry: Scope, importance, biochemical role of cells, basic metabolism
• Carbohydrates: Structure, classification, metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, TCA cycle), biochemical tests, clinical significance (diabetes, hypoglycemia)
• Proteins: Structure, classification, amino acid metabolism, urea cycle, biochemical tests, clinical significance (protein deficiency disorders)
• Lipids: Structure, classification, metabolism (beta-oxidation, ketogenesis, cholesterol metabolism), biochemical tests, clinical significance (atherosclerosis, obesity)
• Nucleic Acids: Structure, DNA replication, transcription, translation, clinical significance (genetic disorders)
• Enzymes: Classification, mechanism of action, factors affecting enzyme activity, coenzymes, clinical significance (enzyme diagnostics)
• **Vitamins and Minerals: Biochemical role, deficiency disorders, clinical significance
• Hormones: Classification, mechanism of action, biochemical role, clinical significance (hormonal imbalances)
• Clinical Pathology: Introduction, collection, preservation, analysis of biological samples (blood, urine, stool)
• Hematology: Composition of blood, hemoglobin estimation, RBC, WBC, platelet count, ESR, blood groups, clinical significance (anemia, leukemia)
• Urine Analysis: Physical, chemical, microscopic examination, abnormal constituents (proteinuria, glycosuria, ketonuria)
• Liver Function Tests: Bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, clinical significance (jaundice, hepatitis)
• Kidney Function Tests: Creatinine, urea, uric acid, electrolytes, clinical significance (renal failure)
• Lipid Profile: Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, clinical significance (dyslipidemia)
• Immunological Tests: Basic concepts, diagnostic applications (ELISA, HIV testing)

4. Pharmacotherapeutics – Theory

• **Introduction to Pharmacotherapeutics: Definition, scope, rational drug therapy, evidence-based medicine
• Cardiovascular Disorders: Hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias
• Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Asthma, COPD
• Endocrine Disorders: Diabetes mellitus type 1, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome
• CNS Disorders: Epilepsy, depression, anxiety, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, migraine
• Gastrointestinal Disorders: Peptic ulcer, GERD, inflammatory bowel disease, diarrhea, constipation
• Infectious Diseases: Tuberculosis, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, fungal infections, malaria, typhoid, amoebiasis
• Musculoskeletal Disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis
• Hematological Disorders: Anemia (iron deficiency, megaloblastic, sickle cell), bleeding disorders
• Dermatological Disorders: Acne, eczema, psoriasis, scabies, fungal infections
• Oncology: Basic principles of cancer, common chemotherapeutic agents, supportive care
• Ophthalmic Disorders: Conjunctivitis, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome
• Women’s Health: Contraception, menopause, pregnancy-related conditions, dysmenorrhea
• Drug Therapy Monitoring: Therapeutic drug monitoring, adverse drug reaction monitoring, patient compliance
• Emergency Management: Basic principles of managing poisoning, snake bites, burns, anaphylaxis

5. Pharmacy Law & Ethics – Theory

• Introduction to Pharmacy Laws: Objectives, scope, legal framework for pharmacy practice in India
• Pharmacy Act, 1948: Objectives, Pharmacy Council of India, State Pharmacy Councils, registration of pharmacists, offenses, penalties
• Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 & Rules, 1945: Objectives, definitions, import, manufacture, sale, labeling, packaging of drugs, Schedules (C, H, G, X), adulterated, spurious, misbranded drugs
• Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985: Objectives, controlled substances, offenses, penalties, opium poppy cultivation
• Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954: Objectives, prohibited advertisements, enforcement
• Drug Price Control Order (DPCO): Objectives, pricing of essential medicines, ceiling prices, enforcement
• Poison Act, 1919: Regulation of poisons, sale, storage, handling
• Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1955: Regulation of alcohol-based preparations, duties
• Patents Act, 1970: Basics of patents, patenting in pharmaceuticals, intellectual property rights
• Consumer Protection Act, 1986: Relevance to pharmacy, consumer rights, redressal mechanisms
• Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics: Ethical principles, professional conduct, pharmacist’s oath, ethical dilemmas
• Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971: Provisions, pharmacist’s role
• Clinical Trials: Ethical considerations, regulations, good clinical practices
• Biomedical Waste Management: Rules, handling, disposal of pharmaceutical waste

6. Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy – Theory

• Hospital Pharmacy: Definition, scope, organization, functions, hospital pharmacy standards
• Hospital Organization: Structure, departments, hospital formulary, pharmacy, therapeutics committee
• Drug Distribution Systems: Inpatient (floor stock, individual prescription), outpatient, unit dose dispensing, centralized, decentralized systems
• Sterile Preparations: Manufacturing, TPN, IV admixtures, cytotoxic handling, aseptic techniques
• Drug Procurement and Storage: Purchasing, tendering, storage conditions, cold chain, narcotic storage
• Dispensing in Hospitals: Prescription filling, labeling, patient counseling, handling high-risk medications
• Clinical Pharmacy: Definition, scope, drug therapy monitoring, patient data analysis, ward round participation
• Drug Information Services: Drug information center, resources, answering queries, poison information
• Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring: Detection, reporting, pharmacovigilance, causality assessment
• Medication Errors: Types, causes, prevention, reporting
• Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Principles, drugs requiring monitoring (e.g., phenytoin, digoxin), interpretation
• Patient Counseling: Medication use, adherence, lifestyle modifications, chronic disease management
• Hospital Infection Control: Role of pharmacist, sterilization, disinfection, antimicrobial stewardship
• Radiopharmaceuticals: Basics, handling, safety precautions
• Medical Gases: Storage, use, safety in hospitals

This syllabus outlines the theoretical content for the second year of the D.Pharm program as per ER-2020, excluding practicals, course codes, durations, objectives, and scope, formatted with clear sections and dividers.